BIOLOGY- MANAGEMENT OF MALIGNANCY BEING WRITTEN
Posts
BIOLOGY- MANAGEMENT OF IMMUNE SYSTEM The immune system The immune system has evolved to protect the body against foreign bacteria and viruses. The innate immunity consists of cells which are inherently capable of detecting thousands of patterns of antigens on bacterial walls as well as antigen patterns of dead and necrotic cell components.The patterns are detected by receptors called Toll like receptors and NOD like receptors present on macrophages and dendritic cells.On detection they produce cytokines and generate the inflammatory reaction which destroys the bacteria and interferon for viruses, Adaptive immunity has unlimited pattern recognition ability . This is so because the B cell receptors and T cell receptors present on lymphocytes can undergo somatic rearrangements to produce these patterns during development. The various receptor patterns occur in B lymphocytes in bone marrow and Thymus for T cells.The TCR on T lymphocytes of type CD 8+ can recog...
BIOLOGY- CELLULAR SYSTEMS The framework of life Life is maintained by a network of chemical reactions. These reactions have reactants and products. The reactants have higher chemical potential and drives the formation of the products. Enzymes are also a kind of driver of the reactions. Chemical potential is determined by chemical thermodynamics. Chemical reactions can be considered as a form of power relationship between chemical compounds. Reactants have the power to drive the reaction. The living organism is a network of these power relationships. The overall network is metabolism and it has both anabolic and catabolic pathways. The cells in addition communicate between these pathways by chemical signals. These signals modify the rate or choose alternate pathways to adapt to availability of nutrients or toxins. The metabolic pathways and chemical signals constitute a power framework. Organisms evolve by changing this framework by mutations in the genetic molecules,...